The last decade produced various observational breakthroughs in the study of cosmic magnetism, from our Galaxy to the large-scale structure of the Universe, cosmic filaments and galaxy clusters. The unprecedented amount and quality of polarization data across the electromagnetic spectrum started shedding light on the tight coupling between magnetic fields and matter.

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A new observational window is now open that will unravel the role of magnetic fields in the dynamical evolution of galaxies and star formation. Thanks to the growing development of ground-based interferometric facilities at radio frequencies – e.g., LOFAR, NenuFAR, CHIME, DRAO, Parkes, MWA, and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) with its precursors – synchrotron radiation resulting from the interaction of cosmic-ray electrons with magnetic fields is today the best-suited spotlight to enlighten the mystery of cosmic magnetism.

However, to connect the extensive upcoming radio data with the underlying physical processes, a profound comprehension of complex physics is necessary, encompassing everything from the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays to the ionization mechanisms of various interstellar and intergalactic gas phases.

Setting these theoretical foundations calls for regular interactions between experts. We need to trigger discussions and foster collaborations that will enable the community to advance steadily and address fundamental open questions, such as the processes responsible for magnetic field amplification and evolution and the impact of magnetic fields on structure formation in the Universe.

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